Now therefore i, name and title of the head of state, head of government or minister for foreign affairs, declare that the government of name of state, having considered the. The government of viet nam reported a consumption of 210. Progress in vietnam has been substantial when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures, are considered. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Vietnam acceded to the vienna convention and the mp in january 1994.
Frequently asked questions and answers the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer general science questions 1 what is the ozone layer and where is it in the atmosphere. Adopted in 1987, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer legally enforces the phaseout of the production and use of ozone depleting substances chemicals often used in refrigeration, airconditioning, foam manufacturing, aerosol production, and fire extinguishing the treatys financial mechanism, the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol. Status of viet nam with regard to international air law instruments date of signature date of ratification or accession effective date 21. The montreal protocol s financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. The montreal protocol has, contributed to a significant drop in total global production and consumption of ozone depleting substances used in agricultural, consumer and industrial sectors around the world. Overview of montreal protocol kigali hfc amendment 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 on october 15, 2016, an amendment to the montreal protocol was agreed upon in kigali, rwanda. Edge guidance document for refrigerant selection to reduce. Montreal protocol, formally montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, international treaty, adopted in montreal on sept.
The montreal protocol has proven to be innovative and successful, and is the first treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries in the world. Reports of the ad hoc working group of legal and technical experts for the elaboration of a protocol on chlorofluorocarbons to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer vienna. Montreal protocol 1987 international agreement, initiated by unep to phase out use of ozonedepleting chemicals by 20002005 very successful with cfcs, but new ozonedepleting chemicals are constantly being discovered kyoto protocol a 1997 international agreement to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 5% by 2012. The agreement between government of vietnam and the executive committee of the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol for the reduction in consumption of hcfcs which is attached in annex 1. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that. The weakening of the ozone layer, which protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun, has stopped and ozone levels have started to. This indicator reflects vietnams hcfc consumption phaseout obligations under the montreal protocol. Chinas shifting stance on hydrofluorocarbons china dialogue. Vietnam fulfills montreal protocol news vietnamnet. The parties to this protocol, being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. The kigali amendment to the montreal protocol is an international agreement to gradually reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons hfcs. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer and its the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as well as the london 1990, copenhagen 1992, beijing 1997 and the montreal 1999 amendments to the protocol.
The ozone layer is a part of the earths atmosphere that has relatively high levels of ozone o3. To aid in a basic understanding of international commitments, this handbook has. Vietnam visa application vietnam embassy in canada. This protocol shall be subject to ratification by the signatory states. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances ods believed to be responsible for ozone depletion the treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into forece on. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and. It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocol s obligations. International agreementefforts montreal protocol unit. Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. After 1 march 1988, the protocol shall be open for signature to all states in london, moscow, washington and montreal, until it enters into force in accordance with article vi. As a result, in 1987, world leaders signed the montreal protocol, a global agreement for the phase. While the montreal protocol has made great strides in reducing emissions of the most powerful ozone depleting substances, the global effort to halt climate change is clearly and rapidly being lost, and the greenhouse effect is now exacerbating. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge platform.
Visa can be applied up to 1 year prior to the date of entry into vietnam. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Copyright 2008 environmental law institute, washington, dc. Protocol of amendment final paragraph, arabic text montreal, 29995 17100 22. Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change.
Introduction this briefing note has been prepared by the ozone secretariat as background material for the workshop on safety standards relevant to the safe use of low. The broader vietnam development goals vdgs, which are a localized version of the millennium development goals, show a consistent improvement. The agreement between government of vietnam and the executive committee of the multilateral. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 manmade chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances ods.
This means that paper documents of carriage such as the air waybill must accompany the shipment throughout its journey. To aid in a basic understanding of international commitments, this handbook has been divided into two parts. Leveraging worldwide participation, the montreal protocol has sent clear signals to the global market and placed the ozone layer, which was in peril, on a path to repair. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adjusted andor amended in. The standard processing time is three 03 business days since the receipt of a complete. Costs and benefits of montreal protocol to the united states in billions of 1985 dollars no controls montreal protocol unilateral implementation of montreal protocol by the united states benefits 3,575 1,373 costs 21 21 net benefits 3,554 1,352. The main objective of the multilateral fund for the implementation of the montreal protocol is to assist developing country parties to the montreal protocol whose annual per capita consumption and production of ozone depleting substances ods is less than 0. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Frequently asked questions and answers, montreal protocol 20th anniversary 3 with input from industry, environmental groups, other u. Ppt montreal protocol powerpoint presentation free to.
The ozone layer lies approximately 1540 kilometers 1025 miles above. Cep is a philanthropic initiative to support the kigali amendment of the montreal protocol. The montreal protocol mp on substances that deplete the ozone layer was designed. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. This comprehensive handbook outlines all amendments and decisions. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was agreed upon in 1987 to set standards for reducing ozonedepleting substances worldwide.
Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. Accession to the mp rendered vietnam eligible to receive grant funding from the mlf to support its ods phaseout targets and compliance efforts. Since that time, continued scientific study has led to the strengthening of this protocol, which has now been ratified by 196 countries1 unep, 2009. This paper presents an analysis of potential benefits from globally reducing consumption of hydrofluorocarbons hfcs and reducing byproduct emissions of hfc23 in accordance with the north american proposed amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete. Vietnam fulfills its phaseout commitments annex a and b substances under the montreal protocol vietnam also fulfills its phaseout commitments for annex e methyl bromide consumption under the montreal protocol phaseout of annex a, b and e ods consumption successfully achieved in accordance with montreal protocol targets.
When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, earths protective. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting climate article pdf available in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 10412. Participants should discuss in small groups drawing on their experiences in the work place. Seventh revised draft protocol on chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances, unepig.
Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone. Amending the montreal protocol to include a phase down of hfc emissions will benefi t the planet as well as the countries that produce and consume products that use hfcsthis includes the protocols article 5 parties such as india, china, th ailand, and others. Protocol on strategic environmental assessment to the convention on environmental impact assessment in a transboundary context the parties to this protocol, recognizing the importance of integrating environmental, including health, considerations into the preparation and adoption of plans and programmes and, to. Vietnam development report 2004 poverty vietnamese. Hcfc consumption in viet nam 20122014 article 7 data, 2015 verified. Draft discussion paper amending the montreal protocol. A phasedown of hfcs under the montreal protocol is the best way to reduce the rapidly growing climate effect of these gases. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer as adjusted and amended by the second meeting of the parties london, 2729 june 1990 and by the fourth meeting of the parties copenhagen, 2325 november 1992 and further adjusted by the seventh meeting of the parties vienna, 57 december 1995. Montreal protocol sustainable development knowledge. It acceded to the mp london and copenhagen amendments at the same time, and the beijing and montreal amendments in december 2004. Inventory report finalized and submitted on behalf of viet nam by the world. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances.
Benefits of addressing hfcs under the montreal protocol. The montreal protocol limits the production and consumption of specific sets of ozonedepleting substances. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing hcfcs in00694451. Vietnam room air conditioner market assessment and policy. It has also generated climate benefits as some of these substances are greenhouse gases, too. The montreal convention 1999 mc99 establishes airline liability in the case of death or injury to passengers, as well as in cases of delay, damage or loss of baggage and cargo. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties, montreal, 17 september 1997, unepozl. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 736kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods. Protocol of amendment final paragraph, chinese text montreal, 11098 17100 23.
April 3, 2017 about this document is published on the edge website as a white paper to help raise awareness about the climate impact of substances controlled by the montreal protocol. Quality specification and inspection, verification of performance etc. It unifies all of the different international treaty regimes covering airline liability that had developed haphazardly since 1929. The eesc scenarios in figure q181 lower left panel provide a measure of the yeartoyear potential of the at. Montreal protocol has avoided an increase in gwpweighted emissions of odss that nearly equals the increase in global emissions of co 2 over this same period of time.
Amending the montreal protocol to include a phase down of hfc emissions will benefi t the planet as well as the countries that produce and consume products that use hfcsthis includes the protocol s article 5 parties such as india, china, th ailand, and others. It traditionally states from what country the shipped goods originate, but originate in a co does not mean the country the goods are shipped from, but the country where there goods are actually made. The montreal protocols financial mechanism that includes a multilateral fund is the first of its kind to be established. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history.
The fund, which is being hosted in montreal by canada, is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Ozonaction strengthens the capacity of governments particularly the operational focal points known as national ozone units and industry in developing countries to elaborate and enforce the policies. Montreal protocol, viet nams environmental protection aspirations and commitment, particularly. In decision xxviii 1, they adopted an amendment to the protocol the kigali. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, copenhagen, 15 november 1992, annex iii of the report of the fourth meeting unepozl. Hi learners, we are starting people, development and environment unit9 of paper code00 or paper1 general of nta net and the topic of this video is on international agreementefforts montreal. Is the montreal protocol on ods the most successful mea implementation in the region.
Vietnam development report 2004 poverty vietnamese abstract. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing. There is clear evidence of a decrease in the atmospheric burden. Greenpeace the us has been pushing for years to get chinese support for a global reduction of hfcs under the montreal protocol treaty, originally signed in 1987 to curb the use of ozonedepleting chemicals. Montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was signed in 1987, under the auspices of the united nations environment programme unep, to gradually eliminate global consumption and production of ozonedepleting substances ods. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer with annex. Vietnam has totally eliminated the use of chloroflourocarbons cfc and fulfilled its international obligations under the montreal protocol on substances that. Chinas appliance manufacturers are heavily impacted by the hfc issue image of greenfreeze non ozonedepleting refrigeration technology. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. It provides financial and technical support for developing countries to comply with the montreal protocols obligations. Vietnamese visas can be applied for at the embassy by online, email, by mail or in person.
This raises a definition problem in cases where less than 100% of the raw. Today the montreal protocol is still seen as a model of an innovative and dynamic response made possible by the concerted efforts of a wide range of stakeholders such as scientists, policymakers, economists, engineers, and lawyers. As part of the united states commitment to implementing the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, congress amended the clean air act to add provisions under title vi for protecting the ozone layer ozone layerthe region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone. The baseline is the national hcfc consumption limit of 199. Being parties to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone.
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