The effect is that of the addition of the amplitudes of the individual waves at each point affected by more than one wave. What are the applications of interference of light. Younqs double slit experiment the first experimental evidence of interference pattern was given by thomas young in 1801. These beautiful colour effects arise from interference between light waves. Everyone is familiar with the beautiful colours produced by a thin film of oil on the surface of water and also by the thin film of a soap bubble.
When the light is made incident on this thin film partial reflection and partial refraction occur from the top surface of the film. He also gave an experimental foundation to the wave theory of light, which was based on his double slit experiment. Numericals based on interference of light physics assignment. Two source interference, double slit interference, coherence, intensity in double slit interference using phasor method, interference from thin films, newtons rings, diffraction and wave theory of light, singleslit diffraction, intensity in singleslit diffraction using phasor. In 1802, he explained newtons rings on the basis of interference. Tanu on what are polymers and classification of polymers notes pdf ppt. The interference of waves causes the medium to take on a shape that results from the net effect of the two individual waves upon the particles of the medium. Apr 09, 2020 interference, in physics, the net effect of the combination of two or more wave trains moving on intersecting or coincident paths. Compare single slit diffraction patterns to doubleslit patterns.
Nature of light, geometrical optics, optical instrumentation, dispersion, prisms, and aberrations, wave equations, em waves, polarization, fresnel equations, production of polarized light, superposition of waves interference of light, coherence, fraunhofer diffraction, fourier optics, characteristics. The physics of light and color interference olympus life. The experiments on interference and diffraction have shown that light is a form of wave motion. Interference definition, an act, fact, or instance of interfering. The two sources of light should emit continuous waves of same wavelength and same time period i. Light sources must be coherent, the relative phase is always the same. Dec 24, 2017 engineering physics concepts covered 1 fringe width 2 numericals on y. Interference is observed for water waves, sound waves, light waves, and as we will see in. Elementary idea of antireflection coating and interference filters. Two independent light sources do not have coherent phase. Youngs doubleslit experiment was important to nineteenthcentury physics. To understand how to determine the interference conditions for double slit interference 3. Newton believed that light consists of particles corpuscles. Engineering physics is the study of the combined disciplines of physics, engineering and mathematics in order to develop an understanding of the interrelationships of these three disciplines.
Interference in engineering physics engineering physics. The phenomenon of polarization has helped to establish that light waves are transverse in nature. Equations \refeq2 and \refeq3 for doubleslit interference imply that a series of bright and dark lines are formed. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Engineering physics written notes as per ktu syllabus.
The diffraction is the deviation suffering waves around the edges and corners that occurs when a portion of a wavefront is interrupted or cut it by a barrier or obstacle. If these conditions do not hold, one still gets constructive and destructive interference but the. The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. From physical science study committee, college physics, lexington, ma, heath, 1968. When two light waves superimpose, then the resultant amplitude or intensity in the region of superposition is different than the amplitude of individual waves. Inter ference of light w aves c hap te r o u tlin e 37.
Sep 06, 2018 engineering physics is the study of the combined disciplines of physics, engineering and mathematics in order to develop an understanding of the interrelationships of these three disciplines. Condition for interference to obtain the stable interference pattern the following conditions are required condition for sustained interference pattern a. Interference concept is explained on the basis of superposition of waves concept. Interference fringes are produced by monochromatic light falling normally on a wedge shaped film of cellophane of refractive index 1. Reflection of light multiple choice questions and answers. Two source interference, double slit interference, coherence, intensity in double slit interference using phasor method, interference from thin films, newtons rings, diffraction and wave theory of light, singleslit diffraction, intensity in singleslit diffraction using phasor method. However, when thomas young performed his famous interference experiment in 1801, it was firmly established that light is indeed a wave phenomenon.
Engineering physics by gaur and gupta pdf free download. Understand the creation of doubleslit interference and singleslit diffraction patterns. We have provided physics 1st year study materials and lecture notes for cse, ece, eee, it, mech, civil, ane, ae, pce, and all other branches. Constructive and destructive interference result from the interaction of waves that are correlated or coherent with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency. The physics of light and color interference olympus. Most people observe some type of optical interference every day, but do not realize what is occurring to produce this phenomenon. Explain why constructive interference will appear at the point p when the path length is equal to an integral number of wavelengths of the monochromatic light. Read book engineering physics sem notes cavity, semiconductor laser diagram. The bright bands fringes correspond to interference maxima, and the dark band interference. If you see interference effects, you are looking at waves. View and download ktu study materials for engineering physics ph100. One objection was that the interference experiment was inconsistent with the law of energy conservation at points of constructive interference, the light intensity is twice the intensity calculated by adding the intensities associated with each individual slit. Measure slit separation using doubleslit interference of hene laser light.
Pdf engineering physics by gaur and gupta pdf free download. The light waves emerging from the two slits then interfere and form an interference pattern on the viewing screen. Pdf light and electromagnetic waves teaching in engineering. These beautiful colour effects arise from interference between light waves 1reflected and. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy and its.
From physical science study committee, college physics, lexington, ma, heath. Two lasers operating independently are also not coherent so no interference pattern results. In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude. Newtons rings and measurement of wavelength of light. Nature of light, geometrical optics, optical instrumentation, dispersion, prisms, and aberrations, wave equations, em waves, polarization, fresnel equations, production of polarized light, superposition of waves interference of light, coherence, fraunhofer diffraction, fourier optics. Physical optics interference engineering physics 6.
The wave model of light has one serious drawback, though. This case is a bit more complicated, but fortunately there is still a nice geometric way of seeing how things behave. For vertical slits, the light spreads out horizontally on either side of the incident beam into a pattern called interference fringes figure \\pageindex2\. In order to test the planeness, we can use interference fringes obtained from an air film. As laser light is diffracted through the two barrier slits, each diffracted wave meets the other in a series of steps, as illustrated in figure 4 and graphically in the interactive java tutorial described above. To understand the meaning of constructive and destructive interference 2. The waves emitted by two sources should either have zero phase difference or no phase difference. If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1 should produce a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on a screen. The surface to be tested is placed in contact with an optically flat glass plate and the fringes are viewed. Course objectives to understand interaction of light with matter through interference, diffraction and polarization to able to distinguish ordinary light with. Interference of light everyone is familiar with the beautiful colours produced by a thin film of oil on the surface of water and also by the thin film of a soap bubble. Monochromatic sources produce fringes at angles according to \dsin.
The two sources of light should be very close to each other. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light. Newton rings wave optics interference construction working btech engineering physics bsc msc 2019 this lecture includes complete topic of newton. Destructive interference is a type of interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction. Physics 352 and it was felt that a wave would always require a medium to propagate from one point to the other. Some slides were adopted from phy106 particle physics module at syracuse. The controversy between newton and huygens about the nature of light. Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic waves, are superimposed, causing the phenomenon of interference, which is used to extract information.
Constructive and destructive interference destructive interference. Applied to each point along the surface of the water, superposition of waves. In order to observe interference in light waves, the following conditions must be met. Part 1interferenceoptics engineering physics introduction in hindi. If white light is used in youngs experiment, the result is a white central band of constructive interference corresponding to equal path length from the two slits, surrounded by a symmetrical pattern of colored fringes of diminishing intensity. Mar, 2020 the interference is the combination of superposition of two or more waves that are in a point of space. A surface is said to be optically flat if it is plane upto 110 th of the wavelength of light used. Isaac newton thought light was a stream of particles newtons opticks 1687 explained all observations at the time thomas young 120 years later observed interference effects with light only waves could do that. Thomas young tried the experiment in the early 1800s, and found the expected pattern. To understand how to determine the intensity of the light associated with double slit. Engineering physics 1st year notes free download books. Interference it is the process in which two or more waves of the same frequency be it light, sound, or other electromagnetic waves either reinforce or cancel each other, the amplitude of the resulting wave being equal to the sum of the ampli. In 1803, youngs interference experiment played a major role in the general acceptance of the wave theory of light.
Intensity in interference and diffraction pdf download book. Draw a picture of two traveling waves that add up to form destructive interference. Pdf suggestion of physics laboratory exercises and discussion of the. To get two coherent sources form a single light source, two techniques are used. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. What is difference between interference and diffraction. But these effects, do not give an idea about the type of wave motion. Because both the sodium lamps are not coherent pairs of light sources. But oscillatory properties of all waves sound waves, water waves, light. Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. Interference, in physics, the net effect of the combination of two or more wave trains moving on intersecting or coincident paths.
Mcq quiz on reflection of light multiple choice questions and answers on reflection of light mcq questions on reflection of light objectives questions with answer test pdf for interview preparations, freshers jobs and competitive exams. Engineering physics ph100 study materials ktuqbank. Interference of light physics 204 experiment 5 interference. Wave interference is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium. Multiple choice questions the process of waves appearing with different intensity at a point when a number of waves pass through a point in a medium is known as selection from engineering physics book. Construct and calibrate a portable diffractiongrating. Interference of light physics 204 experiment 5 interference of light. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics.
Interference fringe, a bright or dark band caused by beams of light that are in phase or out of phase with one another. The study materials are module wise sorted and arranged. This modification in the distribution of light energy due to super position of two light waves is called interference of light. Engineering physics unit iphysical optics sv college of engineering, kadapa dr. Polarisation of light polarisation the experiments on interference and diffraction have shown that light is a form of wave motion. For the formation of interference pattern, two coherent light sources are required. The physics of light and color interference olympus life science. Multiple choice questions engineering physics book.
Engineering physics written notes as per ktu syllabus ktu web. For example, there is constructive interference at point a in fig. The physics of light and color interference an important characteristic of light waves is their ability, under certain circumstances, to interfere with one another. The interference is the combination of superposition of two or more waves that are in a point of space. If angle of wedge is 20 seconds of an arc and the distance between successive fringes is 0. Unit i physical optics interference engineering physics 12. Here you can download written notes for engineering physics. If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1.
If two lightbulbs are placed side by side, no interference effects are observed. He explained the interference pattern based on the wave nature of light. The wavelength of visible light was measured and found to be extremely small. Fringes width in interference of light is equal while in the diffraction of light fringes width is not. To verify possible alternative cause, experiments conducted from september 1998 to january 2011 at bayyarapu physics laboratories bpl hyderabad india have revealed. Intensity in interference and diffraction pdf download. International journal of applied physics and mathematics, vol.
377 1109 388 1060 1064 1470 1051 1119 628 794 1454 1101 725 654 831 883 440 995 1493 291 877 708 1431 99 139 857 142 1218 910 1003 1262 130 257 1129 302 707 2 975 911 804 1271 935 1051 831 1383 132 1170